The nine modes of bhakti (Worship)

According to a number of Hindu texts, there are nine ways of expressing bhakti.

Shravana: Hearing the Lord’s virtues, glories and stories.

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Kīrtana: Singing the Lord’s glories in the form of hymns.

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Smarana: Remembering the Lord at all times.

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Pādasevana: Serving the Lord’s Feet.

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Archanā: Honouring the Lord.

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Vandanā: Prayer and prostration unto the Lord.

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Dāsya bhakti: Being a servant of the Lord.

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Sākhya bhakti: Friendship with the Lord.

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Ātma-nivedana: Self-surrender to the Lord.

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